IMF forecast – Poland to overtake Japan, Spain and Israel in GDP per capita by 2030
According to the latest forecast by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), by 2030 Poland will surpass four developed countries in terms of GDP per capita (PPP): Israel, Spain, New Zealand, and Japan. In the 1990s, Poland was among the poorest countries in Europe. Today, thanks to stable growth and consistent...
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National Bank of Poland interest rates in May 2025
On May 6-7, 2025, the Monetary Policy Council held a meeting during which it decided to cut the NBP interest rates by 0.50 percentage points. Current National Bank of Poland interest rates: reference rate at 5.25% on an annual basis; lombard rate at 5.75% on an annual basis;...
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Depreciation in real estate companies – how should the January and April 2025 rulings of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court be interpreted?
Two divergent sets of rulings issued by the Polish Supreme Administrative Court (NSA) in January and April 2025 interpret Article 15(6) of the Polish Corporate Income Tax Act (CIT) in completely different ways. The former impose on real estate companies a limit based on “hypothetical” accounting depreciation, whereas the latter...
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Draft amendment to Poland’s KSeF – mandatory e-invoicing from 2026, key changes and what it means for businesses
The Polish Ministry of Finance has published a new draft amendment to the VAT Act, which introduces the obligation to issue e-invoices via the National e-Invoicing System (KSeF). This system is set to become a universal and mandatory tool – first for large businesses, and later for all other VAT...
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Register company in Poland – Differences in taxation of foreign company branches and representative offices
Registering a company in Poland is an attractive option for foreign entrepreneurs due to its stable economy and favourable investment conditions. However, before starting operations, it is crucial to determine the legal form of the business, as this impacts both tax obligations and operational aspects. Foreign companies often face a...
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EU slows down ESG implementation. CSRD directive delayed, but still mandatory
The European Union has decided to postpone key ESG obligations. By adopting the “Stop-the-clock” mechanism, companies have gained additional time to implement the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). This decision is a long-awaited response to businesses’ concerns about excessive regulatory burdens and...
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Data-driven organisation – how to build a company driven by data
A data-driven organisation is a business that bases its decisions not on intuition, incomplete information or “years of experience”, but on facts and data analysis. In practice, this means that data forms the foundation for planning strategies, managing processes, evaluating performance and creating new products. In data-driven companies, data is...
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Switching to Estonian CIT in Poland requires timeliness – even a minor delay may disqualify a taxpayer
Estonian CIT is a preferential corporate tax regime available in Poland, offering a simplified way to settle accounts with the tax office and reduce accounting obligations. Its benefits are substantial — tax deferral on reinvested profits, fewer formalities, and improved liquidity.However, switching to this regime requires strict compliance with formal...
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Register company in Poland – which legal form of business activity should you choose?
Choosing the right legal form of running a business when registering a company in Poland is a key decision for any entrepreneur, especially for foreigners looking to establish their business. This choice significantly affects how the business operates, the liability for obligations, taxation methods, and accounting responsibilities. Therefore, it is...
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Landmark CJEU ruling – is this the end of imposing long payment terms?
The CJEU sets boundaries in B2B relationships: payment terms exceeding 60 days must be genuinely agreed upon by both parties. This new ruling serves as a significant guideline for companies entering into tender agreements, adhesion contracts, or dealings with major contractors. In its latest judgment, the Court of Justice of...
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