Chain transactions and VAT in export – Key ruling by the Polish Supreme Administrative Court (NSA)
Chain transactions have long raised serious practical and interpretative doubts in the context of VAT – particularly when it comes to exports to third countries. One of the main challenges is determining which supply in the chain qualifies as the moving supply (and may therefore benefit from the 0% VAT...
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Digital accounting – going paperless as a source of competitive advantage for companies
Digital accounting is no longer a choice – it is becoming a necessity for companies that want to operate faster, more securely, and more consciously. Clinging to paper documents, manual data entry and archive binders increasingly means risk: slower operations, higher costs, and loss of competitive advantage. Implementing modern digital...
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Why cloud data storage is worth investing in
Storing files exclusively on local devices is becoming increasingly risky. A hard drive failure, laptop theft or cyberattack can result in the irreversible loss of information. In contrast, cloud data storage ensures security, convenience and full accessibility of resources – for both private and business use. What is cloud data...
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Full accounting in Poland vs. simplified accounting – obligations, differences and practical implications for businesses
The rules for maintaining accounting records in Poland are strictly defined by legal regulations, primarily the Polish Accounting Act of 29 September 1994, and the Personal Income Tax Act (PIT Act). Depending on the scale of activity, legal form, and level of revenue, entrepreneurs in Poland may apply simplified accounting...
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Register a company in Poland as a foreigner – key questions and answers
Interest in Poland as a place to conduct business among foreign investors has been steadily growing. This is driven not only by favourable economic conditions and relatively low operating costs but also by its central location in Europe and increasingly business-friendly administration. It is no surprise that more and more...
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IMF forecast – Poland to overtake Japan, Spain and Israel in GDP per capita by 2030
According to the latest forecast by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), by 2030 Poland will surpass four developed countries in terms of GDP per capita (PPP): Israel, Spain, New Zealand, and Japan. In the 1990s, Poland was among the poorest countries in Europe. Today, thanks to stable growth and consistent...
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National Bank of Poland interest rates in May 2025
On May 6-7, 2025, the Monetary Policy Council held a meeting during which it decided to cut the NBP interest rates by 0.50 percentage points. Current National Bank of Poland interest rates: reference rate at 5.25% on an annual basis; lombard rate at 5.75% on an annual basis;...
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Depreciation in real estate companies – how should the January and April 2025 rulings of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court be interpreted?
Two divergent sets of rulings issued by the Polish Supreme Administrative Court (NSA) in January and April 2025 interpret Article 15(6) of the Polish Corporate Income Tax Act (CIT) in completely different ways. The former impose on real estate companies a limit based on “hypothetical” accounting depreciation, whereas the latter...
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Draft amendment to Poland’s KSeF – mandatory e-invoicing from 2026, key changes and what it means for businesses
The Polish Ministry of Finance has published a new draft amendment to the VAT Act, which introduces the obligation to issue e-invoices via the National e-Invoicing System (KSeF). This system is set to become a universal and mandatory tool – first for large businesses, and later for all other VAT...
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Register company in Poland – Differences in taxation of foreign company branches and representative offices
Registering a company in Poland is an attractive option for foreign entrepreneurs due to its stable economy and favourable investment conditions. However, before starting operations, it is crucial to determine the legal form of the business, as this impacts both tax obligations and operational aspects. Foreign companies often face a...
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