Full accounting in Poland – who is required to use it and what is the revenue threshold?

Full accounting in Poland is the most comprehensive financial record-keeping system, allowing a business to assess its assets, liabilities, profitability and liquidity in detail. It provides a reliable view of the company’s financial position and supports informed management decisions, while also strengthening credibility with banks, investors and business partners. However, it involves significantly more formal and reporting obligations than simplified bookkeeping.

The statutory full accounting threshold in Poland is EUR 2,500,000. For entities subject to this threshold, the relevant measure is net revenue from sales of goods and products in the preceding financial year. The equivalent amount in Polish zloty changes each year depending on the applicable euro exchange rate.

The threshold applies primarily to sole traders, civil-law partnerships formed by individuals, registered partnerships formed by individuals, professional partnerships and enterprises in succession. At the same time, full accounting is mandatory for limited liability companies, joint-stock companies, simple joint-stock companies, limited partnerships and limited joint-stock partnerships regardless of their revenue.

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What is full accounting in Poland and what makes it different?

Full accounting is a comprehensive and detailed system for recording all business transactions and economic events within a company. Unlike simplified bookkeeping, which is mainly designed to support correct tax settlements, full accounting reflects the company’s entire financial structure, including its assets, financing sources, cash flows and financial result.

It enables business owners and management teams to analyse debt levels, financial capacity, changes in equity, asset values and trends in financial data. This model is a standard solution for medium-sized and large organisations, but it is also used by growing businesses that require more detailed control over their finances.

Full accounting includes maintaining accounting books, preparing annual financial statements and complying with the requirements of the Polish Accounting Act. In practice, this means establishing a chart of accounts, implementing accounting policies, preparing an inventory where required and regularly closing reporting periods.

For more information about the accounting books system itself, see our article “What is full accounting and who does it apply to?”.

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Simplified bookkeeping vs full accounting in Poland – key differences

In Poland, many entrepreneurs use simplified forms of record keeping, including the Tax Revenue and Expense Ledger (KPiR) or revenue records maintained under the lump-sum taxation regime. Eligibility for a particular form depends, among other things, on the entrepreneur’s legal status, taxation method and compliance with the relevant statutory requirements.

Simplified bookkeeping is easier to manage, less time-consuming and less administratively burdensome. However, it does not provide the same breadth or level of detail about the company’s financial position as full accounting. For this reason, some businesses, especially those in a growth phase or expanding their operations, voluntarily switch to full accounting books.

Full accounting provides access to more advanced analysis, more accurate performance monitoring and more effective financial planning, which becomes increasingly important as a company grows.

For more information about the differences between full and simplified bookkeeping and the obligations associated with both systems, see our article “Full accounting vs simplified bookkeeping – obligations, differences and practical implications for businesses”.

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Who must keep full accounting books regardless of revenue?

The obligation to maintain full accounting books regardless of revenue applies to entities specified in the Polish Accounting Act. These include, among others:

• legal entities such as limited liability companies, joint-stock companies and simple joint-stock companies,
• organisational units without legal personality covered by the Accounting Act,
• limited partnerships and limited joint-stock partnerships,
• branches and representative offices of foreign businesses, to the extent required by the Accounting Act.

For these entities, the obligation to keep full accounting books results from their legal form and applies regardless of the level of revenue generated.

This means that if an entrepreneur establishes or converts a business into, for example, a Polish limited liability company, the company must maintain accounting books even if it has only just started operating and generates relatively low revenue.

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How is the full accounting threshold in Poland calculated?

The full accounting threshold for entities whose accounting obligations depend on revenue is set in euros. Until the end of 2024, the threshold was EUR 2,000,000. From 2025, it increased to EUR 2,500,000.

The equivalent amount in Polish zloty is calculated each year using the average euro exchange rate published by the National Bank of Poland (NBP) on the first business day of October in the preceding year.

The final amount therefore depends on the euro exchange rate applicable to a given year. The thresholds for recent years were:

• 2023 threshold – EUR 2,000,000: PLN 9,654,400,
• 2024 threshold – EUR 2,000,000: PLN 9,218,200,
• 2025 threshold – EUR 2,500,000: PLN 10,711,500,
• 2026 threshold – EUR 2,500,000: PLN 10,646,500,
• 2027 threshold – EUR 2,500,000: PLN 10,942,500.

The differences result from changes in the applicable euro exchange rate and, when comparing 2024 with 2025, from the increase in the statutory threshold itself.

For businesses, this means that the full accounting threshold expressed in PLN may change every year even though the statutory threshold currently remains at EUR 2.5 million.

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What is the current full accounting threshold in Poland?

For a financial year beginning on 1 January 2027, the full accounting threshold is PLN 10,942,500.

This amount results from converting the statutory EUR 2,500,000 threshold using the average NBP exchange rate of PLN 4.3770 per euro published on 1 October 2026.

Importantly, the threshold applies to net revenue from sales of goods and products in the preceding financial year, not to all revenue generated by the business.

The threshold applies to entities for which the obligation to keep accounting books depends on the level of revenue, including sole traders, civil-law partnerships formed by individuals, registered partnerships formed by individuals, professional partnerships and qualifying enterprises in succession.

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Has your business exceeded the full accounting threshold in Poland?

To determine whether a business is required to use full accounting in the following year, several key factors must be reviewed. This makes it possible to establish whether the company may continue using an eligible simplified bookkeeping method or must switch to full accounting books.

1. Identify the legal form of the business

Some entities must keep full accounting books regardless of revenue. These include limited liability companies, joint-stock companies, simple joint-stock companies, limited partnerships and limited joint-stock partnerships.

For these entities, analysing the revenue threshold is not necessary to determine whether full accounting is mandatory, because the obligation follows directly from their legal form.

If the business operates in a form where the requirement may depend on revenue, such as a sole proprietorship, civil-law partnership formed by individuals, registered partnership formed by individuals or professional partnership, the following steps should be completed.

2. Collect data for the preceding financial year

To determine whether the threshold has been reached, the business must collect complete data necessary to establish net revenue from sales of goods and products in the preceding financial year.

The figures should be based on properly maintained accounting or tax records.

3. Determine which revenue should be included

Not all revenue generated by a business should automatically be included when calculating the threshold.

Under the current wording of the Polish Accounting Act, the threshold applies to net revenue from sales of goods and products in the preceding financial year.

This is an important change compared with the previous legal framework. The amendment standardised the definition of net sales revenue and removed income from financial transactions from the basis used to calculate the threshold.

4. Compare revenue with the applicable threshold

Once the relevant revenue figure has been established, it should be compared with the threshold applicable to the next financial year.

For example, for a financial year beginning on 1 January 2027, the threshold is PLN 10,942,500.

If an entity subject to the threshold generates at least this amount in net revenue from sales of goods and products, it must maintain accounting books from the beginning of the following financial year.

For businesses that previously used simplified bookkeeping, this means implementing full accounting books, preparing accounting policies, opening the books and completing the other procedures required for the transition.

5. Why is an accurate assessment important?

Correctly determining the previous year’s revenue and comparing it with the applicable threshold makes it possible to identify the company’s obligations under the Polish Accounting Act.

A reliable assessment also allows the business to plan the transition to full accounting in advance, prepare the necessary documentation and internal procedures, and adapt its financial systems.

For businesses without an in-house accounting department, determining their obligations and preparing for the transition may require support from a specialist provider offering full accounting and accounting services in Poland.

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Practical examples of the full accounting requirement in Poland

Full accounting becomes mandatory when an entity subject to the statutory threshold reaches the required level of net revenue from sales of goods and products in the preceding financial year, or when the obligation arises directly from its legal form.

Example 1: a rapidly growing IT services business

A sole trader providing specialist IT services to Polish and international clients generates net revenue from sales of goods and products of PLN 11,000,000.

With the threshold set at PLN 10,942,500 for a financial year beginning on 1 January 2027, the statutory threshold has been reached. The entrepreneur must therefore begin maintaining full accounting books from the start of 2027.

Example 2: a civil-law partnership expanding its operations

Two partners operate a civil-law partnership in the construction industry. Their net revenue from sales of goods and products amounts to PLN 11,200,000.

Because this exceeds the PLN 10,942,500 threshold applicable for 2027, the partnership must switch to full accounting from the beginning of the following financial year. In practice, this involves implementing accounting books and preparing the required accounting documentation.

Example 3: rapid growth of an e-commerce business

An entrepreneur operating an online store initially ran the business as a sole proprietorship and used simplified bookkeeping. As sales increased, including international sales, net revenue from sales of goods and products rose to PLN 12,500,000.

Exceeding the threshold applicable to the following year triggers the obligation to maintain full accounting books regardless of the number of employees or the online nature of the business.

Example 4: the business remains below the threshold

A sole trader generates net revenue from sales of goods and products of PLN 10,500,000, which is below the PLN 10,942,500 threshold applicable for 2027.

Remaining below the threshold does not itself trigger the obligation to keep full accounting books under the revenue-based rule. If the entrepreneur meets the conditions for an appropriate simplified form of record keeping, they may continue using it. They may also voluntarily decide to maintain full accounting books.

Where a business remains eligible to use the KPiR, it is worth understanding how this form of bookkeeping works and what its limitations are. More information is available in our article “Revenue and expense ledger in Poland – obligations, benefits and common mistakes”.

Example 5: full accounting required regardless of the threshold

An entrepreneur converts a sole proprietorship into a Polish limited liability company.

Even if the company’s revenue is significantly below EUR 2.5 million, the obligation to maintain accounting books results from its legal form. In this case, the revenue threshold does not determine whether full accounting is mandatory.

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What does full accounting include and how are accounting books structured?

Full accounting is based on a comprehensive system of accounting books that provides a consistent and detailed record of a company’s business transactions.

The system includes, among other things, the journal, general ledger, subsidiary ledgers, trial balances and inventory. The data recorded in these books is used to prepare financial statements containing the elements required by the regulations applicable to the entity.

Accounting books provide a detailed record of business transactions and make it possible to analyse the structure of assets and liabilities, financial performance and other information that is not available to the same extent under simplified bookkeeping methods.

Many businesses switching to full accounting for the first time choose to work with an experienced accounting firm. Such support may include implementing appropriate accounting procedures, preparing documentation, developing a chart of accounts and organising accounting processes.

An important aspect of accounting processes in Poland is also adapting invoice workflows to the National e-Invoicing System (KSeF) and ensuring that systems can support new obligations related to electronic accounting books and JPK structures.

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Transitioning from simplified bookkeeping to full accounting

Moving from simplified bookkeeping to full accounting requires a number of organisational and formal steps.

The business must, among other things:

• prepare the data required to open accounting books correctly,
• carry out the required inventory procedures,
• adopt and document its accounting policies,
• prepare a chart of accounts adapted to the nature of the business,
• implement an accounting system capable of maintaining full accounting books,
• begin recording business transactions in accordance with the Polish Accounting Act.

Full accounting requires greater precision and experience in recording transactions of varying complexity. For many companies, outsourcing these responsibilities to a professional accounting firm is therefore a practical solution.

Full accounting and accounting services in Poland may include both day-to-day accounting records and financial reporting tailored to the needs of the business.

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How should a business prepare for full accounting in Poland?

Businesses should start preparing for full accounting well in advance. The first step is to monitor revenue regularly so that the risk of reaching the statutory threshold can be identified as early as possible.

Early analysis makes it possible to plan organisational changes and avoid having to implement accounting books shortly before the beginning of the next financial year.

The next step is to choose an accounting operating model. A business may decide to maintain the books internally or outsource them to a specialist accounting firm.

Regardless of the chosen approach, the business must prepare accounting policies, establish a chart of accounts and implement an IT system that allows accounting books to be maintained in accordance with statutory requirements. In some cases, additional internal procedures may also be necessary, such as document workflows or rules for approving business transactions.

When selecting financial and accounting software, businesses must also take KSeF into account. Mandatory invoice issuance through the system was introduced in stages from 1 February and 1 April 2026. For entrepreneurs benefiting from the transitional exemption relating to sales documented by invoices of up to PLN 10,000 per month, the obligation begins on 1 January 2027. Receiving invoices through KSeF has generally been mandatory since 1 February 2026.

Electronic accounting books and JPK_KR_PD

When preparing an accounting system, businesses should also take into account the gradually expanding obligation to maintain books using computer software and submit data in a structured format.

For businesses maintaining accounting books, the following structures are particularly relevant:

• JPK_KR_PD – the structure relating to accounting books,
• JPK_ST_KR – the structure relating to records of fixed assets and intangible assets.

These obligations are being introduced in stages for successive groups of taxpayers. The selected accounting software should therefore be capable of supporting the required structures and submitting data in accordance with current requirements.

For many businesses, working with an experienced accounting firm is the most effective solution. Professional outsourcing may cover both the initial implementation of full accounting and ongoing bookkeeping, reporting and support with the organisation of financial and accounting processes.

Businesses working with getsix® may also use digital solutions supporting accounting processes, invoice workflows and approvals, as well as the integration of financial systems.

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Summary

Full accounting is the most comprehensive financial record-keeping system and provides businesses with a detailed view of their financial position.

For sole traders and certain partnerships formed by individuals, the statutory full accounting threshold in Poland is EUR 2,500,000 in net revenue from sales of goods and products in the preceding financial year. The equivalent amount in PLN changes every year.

For a financial year beginning on 1 January 2027, the threshold is PLN 10,942,500.

For certain entities, including limited liability companies, joint-stock companies and limited partnerships, the obligation to maintain accounting books results from their legal form and applies regardless of revenue.

If an entity subject to the threshold reaches the required level of revenue, it must prepare to maintain accounting books from the beginning of the following financial year. Early analysis makes it possible to prepare the required documentation, financial systems and internal processes without having to implement changes at the last minute.

If you need support in determining whether your business is subject to the full accounting requirement or in preparing for the transition to full accounting in Poland, contact the getsix® team.

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